Category: Anatomy

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68. Rexed laminae

  1. The posteromarginal nucleus  is located in Rexed’s  lamina I. (T/F?)
  2. Rexed’s laminae II and III contain substantia gelatinosa (T/F?)
  3. Nucleus proprius is located in lamina II. (T/F?)
  4. Motor nuclei are located in lamina IX. (T/F?)
  5. The spinal accessory nucleus of the accessory nerve is located in lamina VIII in cervical segments. (T/F?)
  6. Posterior thoracic nucleus (Clarke’s column) is located in lamina VII in thoracic and lumbal segments. (T/F?)

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67. Vertebral artery and its branches

  1. The vertebral artery commonly arises from the subclavian artery. (T/F?)
  2. After it passes through the foramen magnum and perforates dura mater, the vertebral artery travels along the medulla oblongata, posterior to the hypoglossal nerve. (T/F?)
  3. It joins the vertebral artery of the opposite side at the pontomedullary sulcus to form the basilar artery. (T/F?)
  4. The anterior spinal artery if formed from two branches that originate from corresponding vertebral arteries. (T/F?)
  5. The posterior spinal artery usually originates from the anterior inferior cerebellar artery and sometimes directly from the vertebral artery. (T/F?)
  6. The posterior inferior cerebellar artery is the largest branch of the vertebral artery. (T/F?)

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60. Anatomic bases of visual field defects

  1. Lesion of the optic radiation in the temporal lobe: contralateral homonymous superior quadrantanopia. (T/F?)
  2. Chiasmal lesion: bitemporal hemianopia. (T/F?)
  3. Complete lesion of one optic nerve: total blindness of the  ipsilateral eye. (T/F?)
  4. Complete lesion of the optic tract on one side: ipsilateral homonymous hemianopia. (T/F?)
  5. Lesion of the optic radiation in the parietal lobe: contralateral homonymous inferior quadrantanopia. (T/F?)
  6. Lesion of the Meyer’s loop: contralateral “pie in the sky”. (T/F?)

  1. T
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59. Axial section through the midbrain (Gray-710)

Henry Vandyke Carter [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
 

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54. Wallenberg syndrome

  1. Lateral medullary syndrome or Wallenberg syndrome is caused by occlusion of the arteries that supply lateral medulla oblongata. (T/F?)
  2. It is usually caused by occlusion of posterior inferior cerebellar artery, therefor the name PICA-syndrome. (T/F?)
  3. The posterior inferior cerebellar artery is a branch of the basilar artery and supplies lateral parts of the medulla oblongata and parts of the  cerebellum with arterial blood. (T/F?)
  4. The syndrome is characterized by “crossed neurological signs”, ipsilateral sensory deficits of the face and contralateral sensory deficits of the trunk and the limbs. (T/F?)
  5. Other signs and symptoms include vomiting, vertigo, hoarseness, dysphonia, dysphagia, decreased gag reflex, contralateral ataxia and ipsilateral Horner’s syndrome.(T/F?)
  6. Lateral pontine syndrome is a neurological syndrome caused by occlusion of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) and is characterized by crossed neurological signs and symptoms but also by ipsilateral deafness and facial paresis, in difference to the PICA-syndrome. (T/F?)

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53. Exits of cranial nerves from the skull

  1. Cribriform plate: Olfactory nerve. (T/F?)
  2. Optic foramen: Optic nerve. (T/F?)
  3. Superior orbital fissure: Ophtalmic nerve. (T/F?)
  4. Foramen ovale: Maxillary nerve. (T/F?)
  5. Foramen rotundum: Mandibullary nerve. (T/F?)
  6. Jugular foramen: Vagus nerve. (T/F?)

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