- Widespread cerebellar lesions cause more or less symmetrical symptomatology, while localized, unilateral cerebellar lesions cause contralateral hemiataxia. (T/F?)
- Worsening of symptoms of ataxia when the eyes are shut indicates absence of sensory ataxia. (T/F?)
- Romberg’s test is negative in sensory ataxia. (T/F?)
- Scanning speech is typically associated with sensory ataxia. (T/F?)
- In tandem Romberg’s test patient places his or her feet in heel-to-toe position with one foot in front of the other. (T/F?)
- Intention tremor is associated with cerebellar ataxia. (T/F?)
16. GABAergic cells of the cerebellum
- Purkinje cells, one of the largest neurons in the brain, exert inhibitory effects on their targets and use GABA as their neurotransmitter?
- Cerebellar Golgi cells are located in the granular layer of the cerebellum and they use GABA as their neurotransmitter?
- Cerebellar stellate cells are inhibitory interneurons located in the molecular layer of the cerebellum and they use GABA as their neurotransmitter?
- Unipolar brush cells (UBCs) are a class of inhibitory interneurons found in the granular layer of the cerebellar cortex which use GABA as their neurotransmitter?
- Cerebellar basket cells synapse on the cell bodies of Purkinje cells, exert inhibitory effect on them, and use GABA as their neurotransmitter?
- Cerebellar granule cells are the most numerous neurons in the brain, they use glutamate as their neurotransmitter and exert excitatory effects on their targets?
15. The deep cerebellar nuclei
- Receive glutamatergic inputs from Purkinje’s cells. (T/F?)
- Most of the output fibers of the cerebellum originate from the deep cerebellar nuclei, with the exception of the fibers from the flocculonodular lobe, witch synapse directly with the inferior olivary nucleus (ION). (T/F?)
- The dentate nuclei are situated deep within the lateral hemispheres of the cerebellum and receive most of their connections from the lateral hemispheres of the cerebellum. (T/F?)
- The dentate nucleus can be divided into dorsal (motor) and ventral (nonmotor) domains. (T/F?)
- The interposed nucleus is composed of globose nucleus and emboliform nucleus and is located in the vermis. (T/F?)
- Fastigial nuclei are paired structures located in vermis. (T/F?)
14. Anatomy of the cerebellum
- It has about 10% of the total brain volume. (T/F?)
- It has about 3.6 times less neurons than there is in the neocortex. (T/F?)
- Two cerebellar peduncles connect cerebellum with the rest of the brain. (T/F?)
- The cerebrocerebellum, or neocerebellum receives input exclusively from the cerebral cortex via the pontine nuclei. (T/F?)
- Two of the deep cerebellar nuclei, the dentate and the emboliform are fused and form a single, interposed nucleus. (T/F?)
- All output fibers from the cerebellum originate from the deep cerebellar nuclei. (T/F?)
13. Afferents to the cerebellum:
- The anterior spinocerebellar tract carries proprioceptive information from muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs of ipsilateral part of trunk and lower limb and enters the cerebellum through the inferior cerebellar peduncle. (T/F?)
- The anterior spinocerebellar tract crosses to the opposite side of the body first in the spinal cord as part of the anterior white commissure and then crosses again and enters the cerebellum via the inferior cerebellar peduncle. (T/F?)
- The cuneocerebellar tract enters the cerebellum via the inferior cerebellar peduncle on the opposite side. (T/F?)
- Tectocerebellar fibers enter the cerebellum via the middle peduncle from the ipsilateral midbrain colliculi. (T/F?)
- The pontocerebellar tract from the ipsilateral brainstem enters through the middle peduncle. (T/F?)
- Trigeminocerebellar fibers enter through the middle peduncle. (T/F?)