- Is a neurodegenerative diseases characterised by the abnormal accumulation of aggregates of tau protein in neurons?
- The main pathological characteristic of the disease is cell death in the substantia nigra pars reticulata?
- There is a reduced risk of the disease in cigarette smokers and coffee and tea drinkers?
- Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease usually has bilateral, symmetrical onset of symptoms?
- Levodopa is typically more effective at controlling symptoms in Parkinson plus syndromes than in PD?
- Parkinson-plus syndromes are usually more slowly progressive than the idiopathic Parkinson’s disease?
24. Response fluctuations in Parkinson’s disease
- Wearing off: a sudden, brief inability to start movement or to continue repeated movements?
- Protein related offs: transport of levodopa across the intestinal wall is decreased because of competition for facilitated transport by large amounts of neutral amino acids?
- Delayed on: a prolongation of the time required for levodopa effect to appear?
- Peak-dose dyskinesias: occurs at the time of peak levodopa plasma concentrations?
- Freezing: reemergence of parkinsonian symptoms before the next scheduled levodopa dose?
- Diphasic dyskinesia: a dyskinesia in which involuntary movements occur during both peak and trough levodopa concentrations?