84. Decussations [X]
- The lateral corticospinal tracts decussate in the pyramids of the lower medulla. (T/F?)
- The posterior spinocerebellar tracts decussate one to two levels above their entry points in the spinal cord. (T/F?)
- The fibers of the anterior corticospinal tract decussate in the pyramids of the lower medulla. (T/F?)
- The lateral spinothalamic tracts decussate in the lower medulla. (T/F?)
- The anterior spinocerebellar tracts do not decussate. (T/F?)
- The dorsal column tracts decussate in the lower medulla. (T/F?)
73. Descending neural pathways
- The posterior funiculus contains two descending tracts: the interfascicular fasciculus and the septomarginal fasciculus. /T/F?)
- The lateral corticospinal tract is organized somatotopically, cervical segments are located laterally and sacral segments medialy. (T/F?)
- The rubrospinal tract is situated in the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord. (T/F?)
- The lateral vestibulospinal tract runs the entire length of the spinal cord. (T/F?)
- The medial vestibulospinal tract runs down only to the cervical segments of the spinal cord. (T/F?)
- Spinospinal tracts are collections of fibers that connect various levels of the spinal cord and they are present in all spinal funiculi (posterior, lateral and anterior). (T/F?)
72. Sensory pathways (II)
- The thalamus contains the second order neurons of the sensory pathways. (T/F?)
- The cuneate fasciculus (fasciculus cuneatus) is located in the posterior white column of the spinal cord and carries information from the lower limbs. (T/F?)
- The posterior and anterior spinocerebellar tracts and the lateral spinothalamic tract are located in the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord. (T/F?)
- The spinocerebellar tracts carry unconscious proprioception from the whole body to the cerebellum. (T/F?)
- The anterior spinothalamic tract and the spino-olivary tract are located in the anterior funiculus. (T/F?)
- The spino-olivary tract carries proprioception information from muscles and tendons to the olive. (T/F?)
69. Neurons and nuclei in the spinal cord
- Onuf’s nucleus is located in Rexed’s lamina IX of the sacral region of the spinal cord and supplies the perineal muscles and the anal and urethral sphincters. (T/F?)
- The posteromarginal nucleus and the substantia gelatinosa are structures in the spinal cord where first order neurons of the spinothalamic tract synapse. (T/F?)
- Onuf’s nucleus is the origin of the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers. (T/F?)
- The intermediolateral nucleus of the spinal cord contains all the preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic autonomic system of the body. (T/F?)
- Onuf’s nucleus is sexually dimorphic, males have more motoneurons in them than females. (T/F?)
- Neurons of the Clarke’s columns give rise to the spinothalamic tract. (T/F?)
68. Rexed laminae
- The posteromarginal nucleus is located in Rexed’s lamina I. (T/F?)
- Rexed’s laminae II and III contain substantia gelatinosa (T/F?)
- Nucleus proprius is located in lamina II. (T/F?)
- Motor nuclei are located in lamina IX. (T/F?)
- The spinal accessory nucleus of the accessory nerve is located in lamina VIII in cervical segments. (T/F?)
- Posterior thoracic nucleus (Clarke’s column) is located in lamina VII in thoracic and lumbal segments. (T/F?)
61. Medulla spinalis, transverse section in the mid-thoracic region (Gray-664)
48. Sensory pathways (I)
- First-order sensory neurons from the limbs and trunk have their cell bodies in the substantia gelatinosa of the spinal cord. (T/F)
- Lateral spinothalamic tract conveys sensations of touch and pressure. (T/F)
- Anterior spinothalamic tract conveys sensations of pain and temperature. (T/F)
- Gracile nuclei are located lateraly to the cuneate nuclei. (T/F)
- Second-order sensory neurons with cell bodies in the gracile and cuneate nuclei cross the midline and ascend in the thalamic radiation. (T/F)
- Third-order sensory neurons project from the thalamus to contralateral cerebral cortex. (T/F)
27. The extrapyramidal tracts are:
- Rubrospinal tract?
- Reticulospinal tract?
- Nigrospinal tract?
- Vestibulospinal tract?
- Tectospinal tract?
- Lateral corticospinal tract?
23. Corticospinal tract
- The corticospinal tract is a motor pathway starting at the cortex that terminates on motor neurons in the brainstem or spinal cord and is involved in the control of motor functions of the body?
- About 80% of corticospinal neurons originate in the primary motor cortex?
- Pyramidal cells of Betz are the largest neurons in the central nervous system?
- Lateral corticospinal tract appears on transverse section of the spinal cord as an oval area in front of the posterior column and medial to the posterior spinocerebellar tract?
- All the fibers of the lateral corticospinal tract cross the midline in the medulla oblongata and control the limbs and digits?
- The anterior corticospinal tract becomes smaller as it descends, ending at the level of the mid-thoracic spinal cord?