Tag: MS

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9. Etiology of MS

  1. The concordance rate for a clinical diagnosis of the disease in identical twins is about 30%. (T/F?)
  2. Adoptive children, when raised from infancy in families with a high prevalence of the disease, have three times greater incidence of the disease then the general population. (T/F?)
  3. It is associated with both MHC and HLA antigens. (T/F?)
  4. Low levels of vitamin D have not been associated with an increased risk for the disease. (T/F?)
  5. Smoking is an independent risk factor. (T/F?)
  6. History of infectious mononucleosis, as opposed to the asymptomatic EBV infection,  does not  implicate greater risk for  the disease. (T/F?)

  1. T
  2. F
  3. T
  4. F
  5. T
  6. F

  1. Such adoptive children have a risk for developing multiple sclerosis similar to the general population.
  1. Low levels of vitamin D have been associated with an increased risk for multiple sclerosis.
  1. The risk for developing MS is lower in people who are seronegative for EBV.

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8. CSF in MS:

  1. Opening pressure:  elevated. (T/F?)
  2. Cell count: increased (5–50 lymphocytes/mm 3 ) in two-thirds of patients during an acute attack. (T/F?)
  3. Protein: can be mildly elevated, up to 100 mg/dl. (T/F?)
  4. Oligoclonal IgG bands:  present in more then 90% patients. (T/F?)
  5. IgG index : elevated in about 90% of patients with clinically definite MS. (T/F?)
  6. Oligoclonal IgG bands are specific for this disease. (T/F?)

  1. F
  2. T
  3. T
  4. T
  5. T
  6. F

  1. Multiple sclerosis does not cause elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) opening pressure.
  1. Oligoclonal IGg bands can be shown in cerebrospinal fluid of the majority of MS patients, but they are not specific for multiple sclerosis.

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6. Signs and symptoms of optic neuritis

  1. Reduced visual acuity. (T/F?)
  2. Dulling of color vision in the affected eye. (T/F?)
  3. Pain around the eye that is not affected by eye movement or touching the eye. (T/F?)
  4. Transient worsening of vision with decrease of body temperature. (T/F?)
  5. Ophthalmoscopy findings are frequently normal. (T/F?)
  6. Are frequent initial symptoms of multiple sclerosis. (T/F)

  1. T
  2. T
  3. F
  4. F
  5. T
  6. T

  1. Optic neuritis is a demyelinating inflammation of the optic nerve. Transient worsening of vision with increase of body temperature is typically observed in this condition.
  2. Pain is typically provoked and intensified by eye movement and touching of the eye.