Tag: Neural pathways

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84. Decussations [X]

  1. The lateral corticospinal tracts decussate in the pyramids of the lower medulla. (T/F?)
  2. The posterior spinocerebellar tracts   decussate one to two levels above their entry points in the spinal cord.  (T/F?)
  3. The fibers of the anterior corticospinal tract decussate in the pyramids of the lower medulla. (T/F?)
  4. The lateral spinothalamic tracts decussate in the lower medulla. (T/F?)
  5. The anterior spinocerebellar tracts do not decussate. (T/F?)
  6. The dorsal column tracts decussate in the lower medulla. (T/F?)

  1. T
  2. F
  3. F
  4. F
  5. F
  6. T

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73. Descending neural pathways

  1. The posterior funiculus contains two descending tracts: the interfascicular fasciculus and the septomarginal fasciculus. /T/F?)
  2. The lateral corticospinal tract is organized somatotopically,  cervical segments are located laterally and sacral segments medialy.  (T/F?)
  3. The rubrospinal tract is situated in the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord. (T/F?)
  4. The lateral vestibulospinal tract runs the entire length of the spinal cord. (T/F?)
  5. The medial vestibulospinal tract runs down only to the cervical segments of the spinal cord. (T/F?)
  6. Spinospinal tracts are collections of fibers that connect various levels of the spinal cord and they are present in all spinal funiculi (posterior, lateral and anterior). (T/F?)

  1. T
  2. F
  3. T
  4. T
  5. T
  6. T

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72. Sensory pathways (II)

  1. The thalamus  contains the second order neurons of the sensory pathways.  (T/F?)
  2. The cuneate fasciculus (fasciculus cuneatus) is located in the posterior white column of the spinal cord and carries information from the lower limbs. (T/F?)
  3. The posterior and anterior spinocerebellar tracts and the lateral spinothalamic tract are located in the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord. (T/F?)
  4. The spinocerebellar tracts carry unconscious proprioception from the whole  body to the cerebellum. (T/F?)
  5. The anterior spinothalamic tract and the spino-olivary tract are located in the anterior funiculus. (T/F?)
  6. The spino-olivary tract carries proprioception information from muscles and tendons to the olive. (T/F?)

  1. F
  2. F
  3. T
  4. F
  5. T
  6. T

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71. Scheme of the brainstem with the nuclei of the cranial nerves, lateral and medial lemniscus (Gray-713)

Henry Vandyke Carter [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

* comment
On the original picture it says:  “Sensory cerebral nuclei”. There is no structure with that name in modern anatomical nomenclature.  I think it’s the spinal trigeminal nucleus.
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69. Neurons and nuclei in the spinal cord

  1. Onuf’s nucleus is located in Rexed’s lamina IX of the sacral region of the spinal cord and supplies the perineal muscles and the anal and urethral sphincters. (T/F?)
  2. The posteromarginal nucleus and the substantia gelatinosa are structures in the spinal cord where first order neurons of the spinothalamic tract synapse. (T/F?)
  3. Onuf’s nucleus is the origin of the  preganglionic parasympathetic fibers. (T/F?)
  4. The intermediolateral nucleus of the spinal cord contains all the preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic autonomic system of the body. (T/F?)
  5. Onuf’s nucleus is sexually dimorphic, males have more motoneurons in them than females. (T/F?)
  6. Neurons of the Clarke’s columns give rise to the spinothalamic tract. (T/F?)

  1. T
  2. F
  3. F
  4. T
  5. T
  6. F

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48. Sensory pathways (I)

  1. First-order sensory neurons from the limbs and trunk have their cell bodies in the substantia gelatinosa of the spinal cord. (T/F)
  2. Lateral spinothalamic tract conveys sensations of  touch and pressure. (T/F)
  3. Anterior spinothalamic tract conveys sensations of  pain and temperature. (T/F)
  4. Gracile nuclei are located lateraly to the cuneate nuclei.  (T/F)
  5. Second-order sensory neurons with cell bodies in the gracile and cuneate nuclei cross the midline and ascend in the thalamic radiation. (T/F)
  6. Third-order sensory neurons project from the thalamus to contralateral cerebral cortex. (T/F)

  1. F
  2. F
  3. F
  4. F
  5. F
  6. F

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27. The extrapyramidal tracts are:

  1. Rubrospinal tract?
  2. Reticulospinal tract?
  3. Nigrospinal tract?
  4. Vestibulospinal tract?
  5. Tectospinal tract?
  6. Lateral corticospinal tract?

  1. T
  2. T
  3. F
  4. T
  5. T
  6. F

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13. Afferents to the cerebellum:

  1. The anterior spinocerebellar tract  carries proprioceptive information from muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs of ipsilateral part of trunk and lower limb and enters the cerebellum through the inferior cerebellar peduncle. (T/F?)
  2. The anterior spinocerebellar tract crosses to the opposite side of the body first in the spinal cord as part of the anterior white commissure and then crosses again and enters the cerebellum via the inferior cerebellar peduncle. (T/F?)
  3. The cuneocerebellar tract enters the cerebellum via the inferior cerebellar peduncle on the opposite side. (T/F?)
  4. Tectocerebellar fibers enter the cerebellum via the middle peduncle from the ipsilateral midbrain colliculi. (T/F?)
  5. The pontocerebellar tract from the  ipsilateral  brainstem enters through the middle peduncle. (T/F?)
  6. Trigeminocerebellar fibers enter through the middle peduncle. (T/F?)

  1. F
  2. F
  3. F
  4. F
  5. F
  6. F

  1. The anterior or ventral spinocerebellar tract enters the cerebellum through the superior cerebellar peduncle. It crosses side first in the spinal cord as part of the anterior white commissure and then it crosses it again in the cerebellum, so it does carry proprioceptive information from the ipsilateral side of the body.
  2. Yes, it double-crosses side like it is explained but does not enter cerebellum through the inferior cerebellar peduncle
  3. The cuneocerebellar tract enters the cerebellum via the inferior cerebellar peduncle on the same side.
  4. Tectocerebellar fibers enter the cerebellum via the superior peduncle and they origin from the superior and inferior colliculi on both sides.
  5. The pontocerebellar tract from the contralateral  brainstem enters through the middle peduncle.
  6. Trigeminocerebellar fibers enter through the inferior cerebellar peduncle.