67. Vertebral artery and its branches
- The vertebral artery commonly arises from the subclavian artery. (T/F?)
- After it passes through the foramen magnum and perforates dura mater, the vertebral artery travels along the medulla oblongata, posterior to the hypoglossal nerve. (T/F?)
- It joins the vertebral artery of the opposite side at the pontomedullary sulcus to form the basilar artery. (T/F?)
- The anterior spinal artery if formed from two branches that originate from corresponding vertebral arteries. (T/F?)
- The posterior spinal artery usually originates from the anterior inferior cerebellar artery and sometimes directly from the vertebral artery. (T/F?)
- The posterior inferior cerebellar artery is the largest branch of the vertebral artery. (T/F?)
54. Wallenberg syndrome
- Lateral medullary syndrome or Wallenberg syndrome is caused by occlusion of the arteries that supply lateral medulla oblongata. (T/F?)
- It is usually caused by occlusion of posterior inferior cerebellar artery, therefor the name PICA-syndrome. (T/F?)
- The posterior inferior cerebellar artery is a branch of the basilar artery and supplies lateral parts of the medulla oblongata and parts of the cerebellum with arterial blood. (T/F?)
- The syndrome is characterized by “crossed neurological signs”, ipsilateral sensory deficits of the face and contralateral sensory deficits of the trunk and the limbs. (T/F?)
- Other signs and symptoms include vomiting, vertigo, hoarseness, dysphonia, dysphagia, decreased gag reflex, contralateral ataxia and ipsilateral Horner’s syndrome.(T/F?)
- Lateral pontine syndrome is a neurological syndrome caused by occlusion of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) and is characterized by crossed neurological signs and symptoms but also by ipsilateral deafness and facial paresis, in difference to the PICA-syndrome. (T/F?)